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كريم هاشم العبودي / د. هند القيسيعندما تطأ قدماك ارض الهور لابد ان يحيلك سحر الطبيعة الى اغان الجمال وعذوبة الصوت وشدو الماضي الجميل، فرؤية الطيور بمختلف انواعها سواء كانت المهاجرة من روسيا او الصين او الطيور المدجنة ريفيا جميعها ايحاءات للغناء حتى وان كنت لاتجيد الغناء، لذا تجد نفسك من غير قصد تنشد اغاني الاهوار القديمة ، لذلك تجد اغلب ابناء الهور يجيدون الغناء وباصوات عذبة، ومايميز الاهوار هو جمال النساء وقدرتهن على العيش في ظل تلك الظروف التي تتحكم بحياة الاهوار،ولعل العديد منا يتذكر الصورة الشهيرة التي كانت تسمى (بنت المعيدي) التي لايخلو اي بيت في ميسان من تلك الصورة التي تعود الى فتاة من الهور قام برسمها ضابط انكليزي لفتاة كانت تبيع القيمر قرب مرأب السيارات في قضاء المجر الكبير كما يقولون الرواة. نساء الاهوارجمال المرأة هو نعمة الخالق عليها، لذلك لاتجد رحالة او مستشرقا قام بالكتابة عن الاهوار ولم يشر الى تلك الميزة التي جعلت من نساء الاهوار يهبن ويأخذن من الاهوار سر ذلك السحر وتلك الفتنة وكأنها في عملية تبادل منفعة مع سحر الطبيعة، الاسئلة كثيرة وكبيرة عن مكونات هذا الجمال،هل هو بسبب نقاء الطبيعة والغذاء الذي تتناوله من لحوم الطير ومشتقات الحليب وكل الاطعمة التي لاتشوبها توابل المعلبات او غيرها،ام انها وريثة سومر بهذه الكروماسومات التي منحتهن كل هذا البهاء، الذي قال عنه الرحالة هنري اوستن(نساء الاهوار نموذج للجمال العربي)،اما اجمل من وصفهن وانصفهن هو الرحالة جورج كيبل(ترتدي نساء الاهوار اثوابا فضفاضة وخزامات في الانف وموشومات بالوجه والايدي والقدم،ويظفرن شعرهن على شكل جدائل ،ويمتلكن جمالا لايضاهيه جمال المجتمعات الراقية)وبمثل هذه الصورة تحدث الرحالة كافن ماكسويل في (قصبة في مهب الريح) والفرد شغير في(عرب الهور)وكافن يونك في كتابه(العودة الى الاهوار)والبريطانية مسز ليدي درور التي عاشت سنوات طويلة في الاهوار، ولايمكن لوم اي مطرب او شاعر قام بوصف ذلك الجمال بمايستحق ولايخدش حياء تلك السلطانة بجمالها واخلاقها وقوتها. بيع القيمر والحليبالسبب الرئيس على قيام نساء الاهوار بعملية بيع مشتقات الحليب او الاسماك والطيور كون اغلبية ابناء الاهوار في فترة النظام السابق واثناء الحروب التي خاضها ذلك النظام كانوا هاربين من الخدمة ولايستطيعون النزول للمدينة لغرض بيع تلك المواد او التبضع من السوق فكانت المهمة توكل بالنساء،لتستمر هذه الظاهرة الى يومنا هذا وتصبح مهمة الرجل هي الصيد والتزاور مع العشيرة بالمناسبات المفرحة والحزينة .. البيوت الطينيةوعن الاعمال الاخرى التي تقوم بها المرأة هي عمليات بناء البيوت الطينية (الجماليات)او الصرائف،لكونها هي من تقوم بجلب البردي والقصب من الهور بواسطة المشاحيف وهي وسيلة النقل هناك،لكن بعد دخول الزوارق التي تسمى(الشختورة)اصبح الرجل يمارس سياقتها ويستخدمها لجلب الحصة او مايحتاجه المنزل من بضائع،وهذا مايعطي انطباعا واقعيا بان المرأة اكثر معاناة من الرجل وسط تلك المسطحات المائية،ولا اخفيكم فرحتي وانا اشاهد نصبا عملاقا وسط مدينة العمارة للشهيدة تسواهن بنت الاهوار التي خلدها الفنان احمد البياتي بهذا الشاخص الذي يدل على تضحية هذه المرأة. أساطير لا تنتهي الأساطير تبدأ في أهوار الجنوب ولا تنتهي، حتى في السنوات التي جففت فيها، حيث كان يرى في كل فجر خاصة أيام الجمع مشاهدة حية لأقوام تدل مظاهرهم على أنهم من الحضارات القديمة تنقلها الى العين أشعة الصباح الأولى وكأنهم في عرض سينمائي، حركة قوم يقومون بأعمالهم المعتادة، وكأنهم أحياء فعلا، وبعد ما ترتفع الشمس يغيب المشهد. هذا المكان يقع في (يشن أم الحناء)، حيث تروى أسطورة غريبة عنه، فقد كان أرضا مرتفعة تحيطها المياه من كل جانب وتحديدا ان هذا المكان مقبرة قديمة ومن يمر عليها يسمع أصوات الموتى وهم يصرخون من العذاب كما تقول الروايات وقد تحدث الينا العديد ممن دفن ميتا هناك، وعند الحفر يجدون أدوات التعذيب مقاربة في الشبه لما سمعنا الحديث عنه في الجحيم، وكذلك أفاعي عملاقة وأدوات وبقايا آثار النار، وفي الليل تصدر من (يشن أم الحناء) أصوات عالية تصل الى أسماع الناس في الأهوار. ملحمة كلكامشالرحلة إلى عالم الاهوار تمثل طوفانا حقيقيا لغسل الروح وتنقية النفس من ادرانها .. فلو رجعنا إلى ملحمة كلكامش لوجدنا أنها ملحمة مائية نبعت من الهور للبحث عن سر خلود الحياة .. فمياه الاهوار تنساب فيها الطيبة والسهولة والنخوة ..، وعلى سطوح مياه الهور نقشت الأساطير والميثلوجيا .. ومعالم الإنسان السومري .. فترى القصب وهو شامخ في وسط الهور يتحدى العصور برغم كل الأعاصير والفيضانات وترى الرجال وعلامات التحدي منقوشة في جباههم وهم يكدحون هي مناطق منخفضة من أراضي السهل الفيضي يغمرها الماء بعمق قليل منها مايبقى مغمورا به طوال السنة ومنها مايجف كله أو بعضه في فصل الصيف وباعتبار السهول الفيضية في العالم بصورة عامة توجد الاهوار عادة في المناطق الدلتاوية عند مصبات الأنهار .. |
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